Names to know:

Schlieden Schwann-----

Darwin ----

Mendel ---

Jenner ---

Pasteur –

Lister –

Dalton –

Roentgen –

Pavlov –

Freud –

Research from page 578 - 581:

New look at living things (1838) Cell Theory Schlieden and Schwann.

Matter is made up of living things. Cells came from other cells.

Understanding the diversity of life: Lamarck explained the diversity of animals through cell theory. 1859 Charles Darwin published The Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection. Also published The Descent of man.

Mendel and his peas – Genetics

Medical Advances – Jenner I can do little for dying people. 1796 Jenner noticed that those who contracted cowpox did not contract smallpox. Vaccination.

Pasteur discovered bacteria or germs. 1850’s Pasteur also found that certain wines would ferment after bottling, but if kept out of the air and heated the bottles did not ferment.

Surgery – only when the patients were forcibly held down.

Ether and chloroform led to painless surgery (the patient slept)

Physics—Dalton believed that objects are made up of atoms (tiny particles)

Roentgen X-Ray, electromagnetic waves that penetrate solid matter 1895

Pavlov – Psychology – he demonstrated the idea of classical conditioning through the pairing of a sound of a bell with the presentation of meat to dogs. The meat naturally caused the dogs to salivate. Pavlov found that after a number of trials pairing the meat with the bell, the bell alone would elicit salivation from the dogs. This research had important implications for future psychological theory, particularly in the field of behaviorism.

Freud – Psychology and Psychoanalysis – Freud is often called the father of psychology, and his psychoanalytic theory led to psychiatry and a method of counseling called psychoanalysis. ID, Ego, Superego.