Define Mercantilism:

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A. What defined a nation’s power?

B. How do nations gain wealth?

C. What were two purposes of the colonies?

D. What was the primary reason for having a colony?

E. Your opinion: As a colonist, what would you think of this system?

Discontent.

1. Rigid social order - The Creoles were disgusted with the Peninsulares.

2. The Creole story - 1. Parents come to New Spain 2. Creole is born and educated, but lacks the privileges of his parents.

3. 1810 - Father Miguel Hidalgo, made up of those who have everything and those who have nothing.

Amassed an army of 80,000 native Americans and mestizos.

Destroyed by the Spanish army of 6,000

4. Morelos (another priest) took up the cause and battled on the side of the Natives. He was also killed.

5. Independence occurred when the Creoles (not the native Americans and Mestizos) declared independence during a liberal revolt in Spain.

6. Effects of the Napoleonic wars: Napoleon took over Spain and then Revolutions began.

7. Simon Bolivar - built up armies and was able to defeat the Spanish rulers (no support from home), San Martin also helped out.

8. Brazil - Portugal was taken by France, so Joao moved his government to Brazil and reformed the poilicies.

9. Joao left his bro Pedro to take care of Brazil when he went back to Portugal. The Portuguese govt. tried to make Brazil a colony again, but Pedro fought it and Joao did not allow the govt to send more forces.

10. Bolivar’s desire for unity proved only a dream. The colonies did not know how to rule themselves.

Questions:

Who was in power during all three eras? ---- strong leader – Church

Who handles affairs before independence? ---- outside rulers

What natural problems did the country face for unity? -- geographical

Map of the Viceroys – Page 621